{"id":10676,"date":"2024-10-21T15:41:13","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T07:41:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=10676"},"modified":"2024-10-24T11:15:25","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T03:15:25","slug":"breakthrough-therapies-for-malignant-brain-cancer-from-the-perspective-of-tumor-stem-cells","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=10676","title":{"rendered":"Breakthrough Therapies for Malignant Brain Cancer from the Perspective of Tumor Stem Cells"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10676\" class=\"elementor elementor-10676\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-75a12689 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"75a12689\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f4014e6\" data-id=\"4f4014e6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-501c7d14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"501c7d14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.11.5 - 14-03-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1366\" height=\"456\" src=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cancer-stem-cell-and-brain-tumor-treatment.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10664\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cancer-stem-cell-and-brain-tumor-treatment.png 1366w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cancer-stem-cell-and-brain-tumor-treatment-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cancer-stem-cell-and-brain-tumor-treatment-1024x342.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cancer-stem-cell-and-brain-tumor-treatment-768x256.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1366px) 100vw, 1366px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b1a3850 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6b1a3850\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.11.5 - 14-03-2023 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7028cc87 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"7028cc87\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b3fcdb7\" data-id=\"2b3fcdb7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5895531d elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5895531d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cancer-stem-cell-and-brain-tumor-treatment-phone.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10665\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cancer-stem-cell-and-brain-tumor-treatment-phone.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cancer-stem-cell-and-brain-tumor-treatment-phone-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cancer-stem-cell-and-brain-tumor-treatment-phone-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cancer-stem-cell-and-brain-tumor-treatment-phone-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cancer-stem-cell-and-brain-tumor-treatment-phone-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d6a4a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"16d6a4a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7002e159 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"7002e159\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fdbe2ff\" data-id=\"6fdbe2ff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd34022 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3dd34022\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.11.5 - 14-03-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Breakthrough Therapies for Malignant Brain Cancer from the Perspective of Tumor Stem Cells<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-770bcb8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"770bcb8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.11.5 - 14-03-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Tumor stem cells possess a high capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, and are believed to be key drivers of tumor growth, recurrence, and therapy resistance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f276fa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f276fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><strong>Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)<\/strong> possess the unique ability to self-renew and differentiate, and are considered the main drivers of tumor growth, recurrence, and resistance to therapies. They are a rare subset of cells within the tumor, often referred to as the &#8220;root&#8221; of cancer, and they exhibit significant similarity to normal stem cells. Their inherent characteristics, such as resistance to chemotherapies and their ability to remain dormant (G0 phase), allow them to evade the immune system and regenerate tumors even after most of the tumor cells are eliminated by standard treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31866164 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"31866164\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb3c6f7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bb3c6f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.11.5 - 14-03-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-divider{--divider-border-style:none;--divider-border-width:1px;--divider-color:#2c2c2c;--divider-icon-size:20px;--divider-element-spacing:10px;--divider-pattern-height:24px;--divider-pattern-size:20px;--divider-pattern-url:none;--divider-pattern-repeat:repeat-x}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider{display:flex}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{font-size:15px;line-height:1;max-width:95%}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__element{margin:0 var(--divider-element-spacing);flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-icon{font-size:var(--divider-icon-size)}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider-separator{display:flex;margin:0;direction:ltr}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator{align-items:center}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:before{display:block;content:\"\";border-bottom:0;flex-grow:1;border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:first-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider-separator:before{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider__element{margin-left:0}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:last-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider-separator:after{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider__element{margin-right:0}.elementor-widget-divider:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text):not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon) .elementor-divider-separator{border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern{--divider-border-style:none}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern.elementor-widget-divider--view-line .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dfede45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6dfede45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Treatments Targeting Tumor Stem Cells<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7ea43da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"7ea43da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-79deb9f\" data-id=\"79deb9f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cf0536 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6cf0536\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><strong>The Relationship Between Cancer Stem Cells and Malignant Brain Cancer<\/strong> In highly aggressive cancers like <strong>glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)<\/strong>, which has a median survival time of only 15-18 months, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be a key factor in recurrence and treatment resistance. While conventional treatments may initially shrink the tumor, CSCs can persist, giving rise to new, more heterogeneous, and often treatment-resistant cancer cells.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\">CSCs display two key features:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><strong>Self-renewal<\/strong>: The ability to divide and produce more CSCs, ensuring the survival and continued growth of the tumor.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><strong>Multilineage differentiation<\/strong>: CSCs can differentiate into various types of tumor cells, leading to the tumor&#8217;s heterogeneity and complicating treatment efforts.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\">For example, while traditional alkylating chemotherapy drugs, such as <strong>temozolomide<\/strong>, target and kill cancer cells, they often fail to eradicate CSCs. Once chemotherapy ceases, these stem cells can differentiate and regenerate the tumor, potentially producing treatment-resistant cancer cells due to their asymmetric division.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><strong>Advancements in Treating Cancer Stem Cells in Brain Tumors<\/strong> In recent years, novel treatment options that target both the cancer cells and CSCs have shown promise. For example, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=1778\">Cerebraca\u00ae Wafer<\/a><\/strong>, an experimental anti-brain cancer drug developed by Changhong Biotechnology, has shown the potential to kill both tumor cells and CSCs. This dual action may offer a more complete eradication of tumors and reduce the risk of recurrence.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e4d6814 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1e4d6814\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc804c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"bc804c3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-13c9ffe\" data-id=\"13c9ffe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-464b65d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"464b65d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1366\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EF-API-001-kill-cancer-stem-cellenglish.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10682\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EF-API-001-kill-cancer-stem-cellenglish.png 1366w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EF-API-001-kill-cancer-stem-cellenglish-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EF-API-001-kill-cancer-stem-cellenglish-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EF-API-001-kill-cancer-stem-cellenglish-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1366px) 100vw, 1366px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d49eaf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"9d49eaf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-413d5b7\" data-id=\"413d5b7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fedbb84 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fedbb84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Cerebraca\u00ae Wafer is More Effective in Overcome Cancer Stem Cells in Recurrent GBM<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7f244f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7f244f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\">As below Table shows, seven out of eight primary glioma lines acquired in this clinical trial revealed high expression of the cancer stem cell markers, CD133 and SOX2, suggesting that tumor recurrence presents high cancer stem cell generation. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\">The IC<sub>50<\/sub> of BCNU (active ingredient in Gliadel Wafer) in T1, a non-tumor stem cell line, was approximately 1200 \u00b5M. We further showed that GBM cells with high stem cell marker expression had higher IC<sub>50<\/sub> when treated with BCNU (\u22651600 \u00b5M). This result possibly correlates to the limited therapeutic effects of the BCNUloaded Gliadel wafer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"> However, the IC<sub>50<\/sub> of BP (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=7318\">EF-API-001<\/a>) in patient-derived primary glioma cell lines was lower than that of BCNU, indicating that the API of the&nbsp;<span style=\"transition-property: all; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=1778\">Cerebraca\u00ae wafer<\/a><\/span>&nbsp;was more efficient than that of the Gliadel wafer. We further demonstrated that the IC<sub>50<\/sub> of BP was around four times lower than that of the BCNU.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"> Additionally, the difference in drug loading between the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=1778\" style=\"font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; transition-property: all;\">Cerebraca\u00ae<\/a>&nbsp;and Gliadel wafers was almost 10-fold (75 vs. 7.7 mg per wafer), which makes the cancer cell killing possible<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\">For more detailed information, please refer to <em>Cancers<\/em>&nbsp;<b>2022<\/b>,&nbsp;<em>14<\/em>(4), 1051;<\/span>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14041051\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14041051<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a01e05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6a01e05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1366\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/BP.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3636\" alt=\"Synergistic effect of BP in patient-derived primary glioblastoma cell lines\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/BP.png 1366w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/BP-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/BP-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/BP-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1366px) 100vw, 1366px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e227ffe elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e227ffe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f24dc52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f24dc52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Precision Medicine: New Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5bb924 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"a5bb924\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1fce24c\" data-id=\"1fce24c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa6bf66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aa6bf66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cancer-stem-cell.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10667\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cancer-stem-cell.png 400w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cancer-stem-cell-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cancer-stem-cell-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-398e346\" data-id=\"398e346\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5ddf0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5ddf0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\">Several strategies are under development to more effectively target CSCs and increase treatment success. Among the most promising are <strong>targeted therapies<\/strong> and <strong>immunotherapies<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><p><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><strong>Targeted therapies<\/strong> aim to disrupt the critical signaling pathways responsible for CSCs&#8217; survival and self-renewal, such as the Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><strong>Immunotherapies<\/strong>, including <strong>CAR-T cell therapies<\/strong>, are being designed to target and eliminate CSCs. CAR-T cells can be engineered to specifically recognize and attack CSCs, reducing the chances of harming healthy cells.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\">Another promising approach is the development of <strong>tumor vaccines<\/strong>, which train the patient\u2019s immune system to recognize and attack CSCs. Similarly, <strong>exosomes<\/strong> derived from <strong>mesenchymal stem cells<\/strong> show potential for treating various brain cancers, offering a new avenue for therapeutic development.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daac36a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"daac36a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cab8fd7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cab8fd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ee9d08f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5ee9d08f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36f1e53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36f1e53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Future Challenges and Opportunities<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e861d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e861d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\">Despite the progress, treating CSCs presents significant challenges due to their heterogeneity and ability to evade many current therapies. Developing more precise drugs that specifically target the molecular mechanisms of CSCs remains a priority. Continued research into the biology of CSCs will also aid in crafting more effective therapies. However, advancements in precision medicine, clinical trials, and experimental drugs offer hope that targeting CSCs will become a major breakthrough in brain cancer treatment.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56eea90d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"56eea90d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68bac79 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"68bac79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65c38d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65c38d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Investigational Drug<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f8536 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"55f8536\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e0b6dba\" data-id=\"e0b6dba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44145fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"44145fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cerebraca-wafer-product-6.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-7231\" alt=\"CEREBRACA\u00ae WAFER\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cerebraca-wafer-product-6.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cerebraca-wafer-product-6-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cerebraca-wafer-product-6-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cerebraca-wafer-product-6-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cerebraca-wafer-product-6-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-81b9dc4\" data-id=\"81b9dc4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94f68aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94f68aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6><strong><span class=\"lead solid-color\">CEREBRACA\u00ae<\/span> WAFER &lt;Phase IIa&gt;\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=1778\">&gt;&gt;more<\/a><\/strong><\/h6><ul><li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><b>Cerebraca<\/b>\u00ae<b>\u00a0Wafer <\/b>developed by Everfront Biotech Inc.<b>\u00a0<\/b>is a therapeutic drug wafer that can be used to treat highly malignant glioblastoma (malignant brain cancer). It can be directly implanted into the brain and slowly releases drugs at a high concentration, high penetration, and long duration for about 1 month, exerting a multi-target effect (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=7318\">EF-API-001<\/a>) that helps to treat cancer and make cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy or immune cell killing.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\">Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumor that can\u00a0<strong>grow up to 16 times<\/strong>\u00a0its original size within a month. It has a high rate of recurrence after surgical resection, and there are currently\u00a0<strong>no effective treatment options available<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=7318\">EF-API-001<\/a>,\u00a0<\/b>the small molecule active pharmarceutical ingredient\u00a0 in\u00a0<b>Cerebraca<\/b>\u00ae<b>\u00a0Wafer<\/b>, has the following characteristics:<\/span><ul><li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><strong>Targeting\u00a0Axl-1 receptor tyrosine kinase:<\/strong>\u00a0effectively inhibits the growth and metastasis of brain tumor stem cells.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><strong>Inhibiting the PD-L1 immune checkpoint:\u00a0<\/strong>reduces the immune suppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment, thus preserving the activity of immune cells to kill tumor cells.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><strong>Inhibition of MGMT DNA repair enzyme:<\/strong>\u00a0overcomes resistance to Temozolomide (chemotherapy drug) and enables cancer cells to be killed again by chemotherapy.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0d344a;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=1778\"><b>Cerebraca<\/b>\u00ae<b>\u00a0Wafer<\/b><\/a>, its small molecule active ingredient and biodegradable polymer are all manufactured by internationally renowned PIC\/S GMP pharmaceutical companies in Taiwan to ensure high quality and reliable aseptic manufacturing processes.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div>\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecca736 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ecca736\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-895fc30 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"895fc30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57b26625 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"57b26625\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Reference<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91b4d2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91b4d2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.breastcf.org.tw\/contents\/text?cid=61&amp;tid=126\">https:\/\/www.breastcf.org.tw\/contents\/text?cid=61&amp;tid=126<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/TW\/zh\/technical-documents\/technical-article\/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis\/stem-cell-culture\/the-cancer-stem-cell\">https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/TW\/zh\/technical-documents\/technical-article\/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis\/stem-cell-culture\/the-cancer-stem-cell<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/stemcellres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13287-022-03212-4\">https:\/\/stemcellres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13287-022-03212-4<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-310a80b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"310a80b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb7d796 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"fb7d796\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bd0ad30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1bd0ad30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">This article is provided for informational purposes only regarding industry information. The development of new drugs involves lengthy timelines, high financial investments, and is not guaranteed to be successful. These factors may expose investors to risks, and therefore, investors should exercise caution and prudence when making investment decisions.<\/span>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b635375 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"b635375\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78ea869\" data-id=\"78ea869\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce1fde0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ce1fde0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bd7c77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0bd7c77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Development Pipeline<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d0a3101 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"d0a3101\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-narrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1704462\" data-id=\"1704462\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcce2a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"dcce2a3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f515fc\" data-id=\"2f515fc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f8ee0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8f8ee0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pipeline-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1709\" alt=\"Pepline - EF-001\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pipeline-1.png 400w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pipeline-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pipeline-1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d72c56e elementor-align-center e-transform e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d72c56e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scale_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.03,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=1778\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">EF-001<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf14d92\" data-id=\"cf14d92\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbcb59c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fbcb59c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pepline-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1710\" alt=\"Pepline - EF-009\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pepline-2.png 400w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pepline-2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pepline-2-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-788fc69 elementor-align-center e-transform e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"788fc69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scale_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.03,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=1870\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">EF-009<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fec4d8f\" data-id=\"fec4d8f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9e4cc23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"9e4cc23\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae3b419\" data-id=\"ae3b419\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c47a8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6c47a8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pepline-3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1711\" alt=\"Pepline - HK-001\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pepline-3.png 400w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pepline-3-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/pepline-3-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5beae53 elementor-align-center e-transform e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5beae53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scale_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.03,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=3417\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">HK-001<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-39af861\" data-id=\"39af861\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd301f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cd301f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Pepline-4-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1713\" alt=\"Pepline - EF-031\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Pepline-4-1.png 400w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Pepline-4-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Pepline-4-1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d100b24 elementor-align-center e-transform e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d100b24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scale_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.03,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1.1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scale_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/?page_id=5401\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">EF-031<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Breakthrough Therapi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10676"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10676"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10728,"href":"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10676\/revisions\/10728"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.efbiotech.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}